Classification of special cables and 6 application fields

What is special power cable? Special power cable is a kind of power cable used in special working environment. Its internal structure and manufacturing process are more complex and durable than ordinary power cable. At present, there is no unified definition of special power cables. Special power cables do not need CCC compulsory certification, but choose certification. Generally, the inspection standards of special power cables are formulated by the manufacturer, and the production cables are produced in accordance with the national GB standards. Special power cables are more and more widely used in today's application fields.

Relatively speaking, the application field of special power cable is widely used in electrical equipment. Special power cables must be used in fields that need electrification, such as automobiles, coal mining equipment, ships, aircraft and so on. Large medical equipment needs special control cables, and new hybrid vehicles such as automobiles need thin-walled low-voltage control cables. Shearers need special power cables that are resistant to oil, high temperature and impact. Many fields began to use special power cables to equip equipment.

While ordinary power cables cannot meet the development of enterprises, the concept of special power cables is gradually recognized by everyone. Foreign countries have begun the research and development and production of special power cables in the early years, and have accumulated a lot of experience in the international competition. Due to the late development of China's industry, it can not meet the current development needs in some supporting industries. There is a certain gap between some special power cables in terms of product varieties and product technology. In the field of rail transit, the main cables of Metro in some cities are made in Germany and Britain. Of course, many metro projects in recent years adopt special cables from domestic cable factories. It can be said that China still has a lot to go in the field of special cables. At present, special cables are widely used, and there are many new products to be developed. To develop and issue products in the planning period, we also need the cooperation of major universities and fields.

Six application fields of special cables

Application field 1: military products market

Large military enterprises these units and enterprises shoulder the task of scientific research and modern equipment of national high-tech equipment. Most of the wires and cables they need are high-temperature resistant, light-weight fluoroplastic products. The number of special wires and cables they need is also expanding rapidly, and some special products need to be imported. The survey results show that it takes 200km to equip a certain type of missile with only special wires and cables; Equipped with some electronic countermeasure vehicles, special shielded cables up to 300km are required. According to the reflection of a wire and cable enterprise and the collection of external sales information, the demand for military products with which the enterprise has business dealings is up to 45000km. However, according to the equipment and technical conditions of the enterprise so far, the enterprise can only meet 5000km at most, accounting for 11% of the demand.

Application field 2: Civil Products Market

It mainly involves petrochemical, metallurgical machinery, real estate construction, information communication, automobile and ship industries. Building wires: in the 1990s, foreign high-rise buildings promoted the use of fluoroplastic wires and cables. The purpose is to prevent fire hazards by using the characteristics of fluoroplastics such as high temperature resistance and non delayed combustion. In recent years, many smart buildings rising in China also use double-layer flame-retardant and high-temperature resistant wires and cables (150 ℃ and above) and low smoke halogen-free environmental protection wires and cables, in order to prevent unsafe accidents. Due to the wide variety and wide use of construction lines, the market capacity is huge.

Application area 3: oil platform

According to the data of Shanghai cable engineering design and Research Institute, the demand quantity of oil platform cables is directly related to the construction quantity of oil platform. The cable consumption of each offshore oil platform is 150km for jack up platform, 180km for semi submersible platform, 200km for oil production platform, 200km for production platform and 100km for living platform. According to this estimate, China needs about 8000 ~ 10000 kilometers of various cables for the construction and maintenance of offshore oil platforms every year. It is expected to exceed 25000 kilometers by 2020. In terms of oil exploitation projects only, according to incomplete statistics, the annual demand for deep well survey cables, deep well submersible pump cables, heating automatic temperature control and other multi-functional cables is about 15000km. If we add oil survey and drilling platforms in coastal areas, the demand is also immeasurable. There is a large gap between supply and demand of cables on oil platforms. At present, China's oil platform cable has basically realized localization, and the annual production capacity of domestic enterprises is about 8000 ~ 10000 kilometers. According to the current domestic production capacity and demand growth ratio, it is estimated that the supply-demand gap will reach about 10000 km by 2020.

Application area 4: submarine cable

With the increasing shortage of global oil and natural gas energy, the exploitation of land began to shift to the marine field on a large scale. The scale of offshore oil and natural gas engineering projects continues to expand. It is necessary to carry out power and communication transmission from land to offshore oil platforms and between platforms, as well as feedback and control of technical data, so that the demand for integrated submarine cables is increasing. According to China's oil development plan, China's offshore oil development will usher in a period of rapid development, and 120 billion yuan will be invested in offshore oil development in the next five years. It is estimated that the growth rate of oil platforms will remain at 8% ~ 10% from 2010 to 2020. The number of oil platforms in China was about 250 in 2008, and each existing oil platform needs about 10km of submarine integrated cable for maintenance every year. The amount of submarine integrated cable required for each new oil platform is about 40km. In addition to the need for a large number of submarine integrated cables for oil platforms, the demand for submarine integrated cables for the development and utilization of islands in China is also increasing. In addition, the demand for submarine integrated cables for wind power projects in Shanghai, it is comprehensively estimated that the annual demand for submarine integrated cables for island development and offshore wind power generation is about 300 km. It is estimated that the supply and demand gap of China's submarine integrated cable will be about 3000 km in 2019.

Application area 5: Civil Aviation

At present, the domestic civil aviation industry is booming. According to relevant information, the cable consumption of a Boeing aircraft is no less than 80km, including no less than 30km of special wires and cables for cabin wiring. Moreover, the vast majority of cables are radiation crosslinked or silane crosslinked wires and cables with small volume, light weight and high temperature resistance. With the development of national defense weapons and the vigorous development of civil aviation, the demand for special wires and cables has increased sharply. It is understood that the export task of an aircraft manufacturing company in 2003 required wires of 6000km, and imported cables were also required due to quality, delivery date and other reasons. So far, the air force, weapons, aviation repair and other industries have shown a strong demand momentum, and the demand for cables in the future can not be ignored. From the perspective of the cable industry, there are few enterprises with complete varieties and a certain scale that can produce special cables. The market prospect of special wires and cables is very broad. At this time, it is an excellent opportunity to develop special wires and cables.

Application field 6: high temperature superconducting power transmission

As an important part of special cables, high-temperature cables have strong vitality and are in short supply. China imports about 2 billion yuan from abroad every year for domestic construction. Due to the use of high-temperature superconducting material with high transmission current density as conductor and liquid nitrogen as cooling medium, high-temperature superconducting cable has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low loss and no fire hazard. The transmission loss of conventional power cable accounts for about 7% of the transmission power, while the transmission loss of high-temperature superconducting power cable accounts for only 0.5%. If the energy consumed by refrigeration is considered, the final energy saving is more than 60%; Under the condition of the same weight and size, compared with the conventional power cable, the capacity of HTS cable can be increased by 3 to 5 times, the loss can be reduced by 60%, and the weight can be reduced by more than 80%. It is suitable for the occasions of short-distance transmission of large current, such as urban central power distribution, electroplating, electrolytic industry, power plant and substation. The cable industry has been in a state of vicious competition for a long time. The application of superconducting technology gives cable enterprises an opportunity to surpass their competitors. Its development will depend on the absorption capacity of the cable market.

The research and development technology level of high-temperature cables in China is far from meeting the needs of the new market. China's technology in this field is far behind that of foreign advanced countries. Nearly half of the high-temperature cables need to be imported from abroad. Some domestic production plants are mostly concentrated in some small factories, and the technical research and production capacity is weak. In particular, the production and processing is still limited to the existing equipment and tooling of cables, and the development of materials has not broken through the circle of existing cable materials. It is hoped that domestic manufacturers capable of developing high-temperature special cables can size up the situation, develop and promote high-temperature series cables according to China's resource situation, improve China's level in this technical field and meet the needs of China's high-temperature industry.